England’s Debt to India by Lala Lajpat Rai :: In this book Lala Lajpat Rai analyze economic effects of British Rules in India taking an impartial view of the subject. This book contains extensive quotation from contemporary English economists and politicians which can help in understanding true picture of Economic effects of British rule in India. This book also analyze growth of Railways and it economic effects. I believe that this book will help in clearing many misconceptions about British Rule in India.
Extract from the book “England’s Debt To India”
India’s “Gift” of One Hundred Million Pounds to England. Since the above was put in type our work fears have come to be true .The British Government of India has decided, with the sanction of the secretary of state for India, to float a war loan in India of an unlimited amount The idea is to make a gift of $100,000,000 (or $500,000,000) to the British Exchequer. The amount of the loan , or as much is raised, will be made over to the Government of Great Britain and liability for the rest will be accepted by the Government of India. The British cabinet have , with the sanction of The house of commons, accepted this “gift” and in lieu therefore allowed the Indian Government to raise their customs duty on the imports of cotton goods by four percent.ad valorem. This transaction involves an additional burden of $6000,000 a year (or$30,000,000) on the Indian tax payer. It is expected that out of this some $1,000,000 will be recovered by the additional duty on cotton imports and the rest will be raised by additional taxation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A HISTORICAL RETROSPECT
India Once War Rich
Thornton’s “Description of Ancient India.”
India Reform Pamphlet.
The Observations of Mr. Torrcns, M. P., comparing India with Europe.
India Under the Mohammedans
Raid of Tamerlane.
From 1206 to 1526 A.D.
Elphinstane on the General State of the Country.
Carsar Frederic and Ibn Batuta.
Abdurisag.
Baber.
Sher Shah.
Akbar.
Pietro del Valle
Shah Jehan
Aurangzeb and His Successors
The Raid by Nadir Shah
Pre-British Period
Principal Political Divisions of the Country
Tonjore and Arcot
Mysore
Northern India
Bengal
The Kingdom of Oude
INDIA AND BRITISH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Before Plassy
Effects of Plassy
The Second Administration of Lord Clive
“TRIBUTE” OR “ DRAIN”
General Observations
Drain: the Case Against England
Drain: the Case for England.
Drain: Weighing the Evidence.
The Extent of the Drain
HOW INDIA HAS HELPED ENGLAND MAKE HER EMPIRE
India and “The Empire”
Lord Lansdowne on the Indian Army
Lord Roberts on India as Training Ground for British Army
Sir Henry Brackenberry on Indian Army Expenditure
Sir Edwin Collen on the Apportionment of Expense
Lord Northbrook on Wars Outside India
The First Treaty with Persia
Other Nations of Asia
Isle of France
The Muluccas
Ceylon
Eastern Archipelago; Strait: of Malacca and Singapore
Siam and Cochin-China
Burmah
Malacca
The China Consular Representatives
Aden
The Zanzibar and Mauritius Cable
The Red Sea Telegraph
THE COTTON INDUSTRY OF INDIA
Early Mention
Excellence of Indian Cotton Fabric
Extent of Cotton Industry in Olden times
Decline of the Indian Industry
Besides the Drawback of the Excise Duty
Silk Goods
Testimony of Montgomery Martin
Cotton Goods
Legislative Acts
Cotton duties — 1917 developments
SHIPBUILDING AND SHIPPING
Conditions in Foarmor Times
The Decline of the Industry
Ships built at Indian Ports
Ships Built at Indian Ports – Continued
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND MINING OPERATION
Indigo
Jute
Woollen Mills
Paper Mills
Breweries
Rice Mills and Saw Mills
Iron
Copper
Manganese
Coal
Other Minerals
Tea and Coffee
AGRICULTURE
India’s Greatest Industry
Land Tax
Bengal
Northern India
Bombay
Village Communities
Changes Under the British Rule
The Punjab
Central Provinces
The Present Policy as to the Land Tax
ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE
The Poverty of the Masses
Testimony of English Public Man
Average Income of the People
FAMINES AND THEIR CAUSES
Famine: in the Past
Mr. Digby’s Table
Digby’s “Prosperous British India.”
Famines in the Twentieth Century
Famines During the British Period
Causes of Famines
Shortage of Rainfall
Are the Famine: of India Due to Over-Population !
Are Famines Due to Scarcity of Food!
Is the Distress Due to the Extravagance of the Ryat on Occasions of Marriages and Funerals!
The True Cause
FAMINE RELIEF
Building of Railways
Building of Canals and Irrigation Works
Pressure on Land
The Opening of Agricultural Banks
Special Agrarian Legislation
RAILWAYS AND IRRIGATION
The Government Policy
The Beginning of Railway Policy
Benefits of Capital Investment
Irrigation
EDUCATION AND LITERACY
Early Conditions
Law
Medicine
Engineering
Agriculture
Technical and Industrial Education
Commercial Schools
Art Schools
Education of Europeans
Education of Girls
CERTAIN FALLACIES ABOUT THE “PROSPERITY OF INDIA” EXAMINED
TAXES AND EXPENDITURE
Abstract of Revenue and Expenditure
Ingenious Way of Calculating the Burden of Taxation
The Growth of Army Expenditure
The Growth of Expenditure on Education
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
APPENDICES
How the Villager: Live in the Madras Presidency — An Article from the Tribune of Lahore of January 19, 1917
WAGES IN INDIA
APPENDIX E
THE COST OF ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA, JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
PROPORTION OF INDIANS IN HIGHER SERVICES — LATEST FIGURES
Gold Value of Rupee
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